Spiracles Aid in Breathing on Fish, Whales, and Insects

Spiracles Aid in Breathing on Fish, Whales, and Insects Spiracles are breathing openings found on the outside of bugs, certainâ cartilaginous fishâ such as specific species ofâ sharks, and stingrays. Hammerheads andâ chimeras dont have spiracles. In fish, spiracles are made out of a couple of openings simply behind the fishs eyes that permit it to draw oxygenated water in from above without getting it through the gills. The spiracles open into the fishs mouth, where water is disregarded its gills for gas trade and out of the body. Spiracles help fish in breathing in any event, when they are lying on the sea base or when theyre covered in the sand.â Development of Spiracles Spiracles likely developed from gill openings. In crude jawless fish, spiracles were just the main gill openings behind the mouth. This gill opening in the end isolated as the jaw developed out of the structures among it and the other gill openings. The spiracle stayed as a little, gap like opening in many cartilaginous fish. Spiracles are valuable for the sorts of beams that cover themselves in the sea base since they permit them to inhale without the guide of uncovered gills. Crude hard fish with spiracles incorporate the sturgeon, paddlefish, bichirs, and coelacanth. Researchers likewise believeâ that spiracles are related with the consultation organs of frogs and some different creatures of land and water. Instances of Spiracles Southern stingraysâ are sand-staying ocean creatures that utilization their spiracles to inhale when they are lying on the sea base. Spiracles behind the beams eyes attract water, which is disregarded the gills and removed from its gills on its underside. Skates, cartilaginous fishâ that have a level body and wing-like pectoral blades connected to their head, and stingrays once in a while use spiracles as their essential technique for breathing, bringing oxygenated water into the gill chamber where it is traded for carbon dioxide. Heavenly attendant sharks are huge, level bodied sharks that cover themselves in the sand and inhale through their spiracles. They lie in pause, camouflaged,â for fish, shellfish, and mollusks and afterward lurch to hit and slaughter them with their jaws. By siphoning water in through their spiracles and out through their gills, these sharks can assimilate oxygen and wipe out carbon dioxide without continually swimming, as increasingly versatile sharks must do. Creepy crawlies and Animals With Spiracles Creepy crawlies have spiracles, which permit air to move into their tracheal framework. Since creepy crawlies dont have lungs, they use spiracles toâ exchange oxygen and carbon dioxideâ with the outside air. Creepy crawlies open and close their spiracles through muscle contractions. Oxygen atoms at that point travel by means of the bugs tracheal framework. Each tracheal cylinder closes with a tracheole, where the oxygen breaks down into the tracheole liquid. The O2â then diffuses into the cells. The blowhole of theâ whaleâ is likewise here and there called a spiracle in more established writings. Whales utilize their blowholes to take noticeable all around and scatter carbon dioxide when they surface. Whales have lungs like different warm blooded creatures as opposed to gills like fish. They need to inhale air, not water.

Evaluate whether it is possible to deliver the National Curriculum in Essay

Assess whether it is conceivable to convey the National Curriculum such that it meets its broadest points, particularly in the t - Essay Example The individual schools ought to be increasingly centered around focusing on time students spend there. Singular schools ought to have the option to build up their own projects and create various ways to deal with learning. Points of the National Curriculum The principle points of the National Curriculum are the accompanying: to reflect and execute exclusive expectations and create cognizance in school instructing; to give an assurance that all youngsters would increase fundamental information in key subjects; educators ought to uninhibitedly utilize their demonstrable skill to encourage and improve the learning procedure. The UK is anticipating compelling changes and advancements usage in the National Curriculum (beginning from January, 2011). The fundamental accentuation is made on the need of the basic information picking up by kids. NC is for the most part centered around youngsters information improvement in various zones of their inclinations and will advance all the more free r elations among kids and their educators. The best strategies for examines are to be picked by educators and the requirements of understudies ought to be canvassed in a more extensive setting of the advancement. The Mathematics Curriculum for instance, is intervened by four fundamental points: the use and use of arithmetic, advancement of number and variable based math information, consciousness of shape, space and measures and information taking care of. Every one of these points are centered around 4 unique ages' phases of the understudies. Also, profound, social, social and good advancement is an absolute necessity for science educational plan. Along these lines, through improvement of essential scientific abilities, this educational plan is centered around a more extensive advancement of a person. Numerous different aptitudes, for example, relational correspondence, improvement of one's learning, critical thinking abilities, advancement of enterprising capacities and so on are li kewise sketched out by the NC in Mathematics. These are expansive points of the NC in Mathematics, really. Changes in Methods Nowadays there are many training strategies and it is regularly contended the manner in which kids should pick up their insight. What should start things out: media or techniques? It is smarter to offer the response to this inquiry. Bloom’s Taxonomy for Higher request thinking underlines that it is important to focus on the accompanying parts of getting the hang of: recalling, understanding, applying, examining, assessing, and making (Eble, 1994). These essential aptitudes for additional advancement in conceivable logical investigations or some different endeavors ought to be created from the primary years in school. All the time kids in the grade school use PC advances. Instructors can apply Internet assets to the field of their educating and spotlight on such angles, as data search and a potential data investigation and usage both during the time spe nt understanding aptitudes or numerical abilities (Department of Education; Dipietro, 2004). Educators in the cutting edge setting of UK training should turn into a guide, a companion and a teacher. It ought to be noticed that language abilities are high on the plan these days. An understudy ought to have the option to define his solicitation to peruse significant data, procedure and actualize it. Language aptitudes are basic in successful inquiry strings improvement. The understudies ought to have the option to utilize significant hunt terms, equivalents, suitable words, to have the option to make other catchphrases and expressions for search. Subsequently, one of the most importantly techniques for learning can be found in

What to Say Instead of Sorry

What to Say Instead of “Sorry” Apologizing for your wrongdoings is a sane thing to do.But, over-apologizing for petty things such as being 30 seconds late to the office or accidentally bumping into a fellow pedestrian on a street is definitely absurd.You are not alone in this world if you have the habit of saying I am sorry even you dont make any error or hurt anyones sentiments.The phenomenon is particularly common among women in the offices.You may be trying to show deference, accommodation or defense through involuntary apology, but it makes you look professionally incompetent.No matter what you truly mean, apologizing frequently in your office is the one way of presenting yourself as a person who lacks confidence and wants to please everybody.Needlessly saying sorry on multiple occasions have become a part and parcel of many peoples personalities.Some people, especially the woman cant complete a sentence without uttering this word.One reason they keep on apologizing for all sorts of silly reasons is to avoid l ooking rude and arrogant to others.Unfortunately, they seem more of pushovers when they repeat sorry so many times during the work.More importantly, they put themselves in a weak position which others try to take advantage of. Sometimes, people apologize for things they do not have any control over.For example, the following is a typical sentence you may speak if you get late due to the rain.“I am sorry I got late due to rain. It wont happen again.”There is no need to be sorry in this particular case because rain is a natural phenomenon.Why you should apologize for something you are not responsible for.It is the worst case of over-apologizing, which in most cases, has some serious detrimental consequences. It is not only annoying to the listeners but also very disempowering for you.You are essentially suppressing your own desires and needs so that you may not cause inconvenience to others.Although, it is a good gesture, yet it also creates a lot of problems for you as well.SORRY REPLACES OTHER WORDSThe word sorry has become so ubiquitous that people use it in place of other more suitable words.On most occasions, you apologize impulsively without realizing there is no need for it.However, expressing regret mindlessly can put your job or career in danger.It is always tempting to keep everybody happy in your office.As a result, you say sorry for literally everything, including things which are far beyond your control.But, you must realize that you are not responsible for everything happening around you.Over-apologizing introduces doubts in people’s minds and reduces their confidence in you, greatly emasculating your professionalism.Before you inflict more damage to your interests, you must stop asking for forgiveness for a broken chair or a malfunctioning computer.Why should you be sorry if the UPS guy is late or the internet is not available unless you are responsible for repairing them?Only use I am sorry” where necessary.One way of doing so is to keep certain Dos and Donts in mind whenever you have to decide whether or not you should make an apology.THINGS TO SAY INSTEAD OF SORRYMost often, people are totally fine with the things you normally apologize for.You might have got a reaction, Why are you sorry? when you say, I am sorry for any reason.This is the point which should make you realize that it is the time to stop. So, what are the better and more effective alternatives to show you are compassionate and eager to take care of others?The following are some of the phrases and words you can use instead of Sorry to prove your point.Say Thank YouNot all the situations demand an apology.For example, you will look more demeaning if you say sorry to a person who simply points out typo mistakes in your rough draft.Similarly, saying sorry is an overkill if someone helps you write an official letter.As you see, none of these situations are dire and therefore, a simple thanks is all you need to show that you really appreciate their help. It is a fact that most of the errors you apologize for are overwhelmingly common. You must tackle such situations by expressing a feeling of gratitude rather than guilt.Nobody is going to judge you for being slightly late to a class or reprimand you for your typos.Therefore, being grateful for their understanding of your problem is far more effective than apologizing.Always be straightforward and thankful if anything does go wrong.For instance,   there is no big deal in projects falling behind the due date of completion.You should not take it to your nerves.If a client asks for an update, your perfect answer could be, Thank you for your patience as we are striving to complete the project as soon as possible.”Skipping all the excuses, removing the sad story and relying on Thank You will help you come out from a ditch with the flying colors and take your power back which you lost by continuously hiding behind lame excuses.Actions Speak Louder than WordsSporadic use of sorry as an e motional and wholehearted response to disappointments and errors at work can be very effective.After all, it displays that you have a lot of humility and you want to atone for your mistakes.However, the worst thing about the overuse of sorry is that it makes you look like an excuse maker.On the other hand, actively trying to rectify the mistake and minimizing the damage is the way to go.It is even better if you give a timeline and outline action steps for repair and recovery.Replace I am Sorry with I DesireI am sorry is a sentence which does not have any meaning. It does not convey any message to the other person. One of the best replacements for I am sorry is I desire.This particular statement leads you to a definite conclusion. It actually represents what both of you want to happen in response to an error or what is actually going to happen.It helps you speak your heart out. Similarly, the listener also feels heard and important. It enables both of you to take the first step towar ds the resolution of the problem.Apologize Without Using the Word SorryYou will be surprised to learn that you can apologize for your mistakes, no matter how trivial or severe they are, without using the word sorry.What actually is an apology?It is about taking the responsibility for what you have done and committing to not to repeat the same mistake in the future. Your apology or sorry is useless if you have not learned any lesson and you will do it again. Never use the word sorry regardless of how compelling the urge is.Try your best to apologize without it.As a result, you will clear everything on your side of the story.A Simply Sorry is Nothing Without Any SympathyWhat is the reason you say, I am sorry so frequently in your workplace or anywhere else you go? In fact, you want to sympathize with others which is indeed a noble cause.However, a hollow “sorry” without any real sympathy is more hurting for others instead of being helpful.What you should do is to practice sympathy by actually recognizing the feelings of the people involved.Everyone has its own sobbing story to tell.For instance, if someone talks about a difficult experience he had in the past, you can sympathize with him by saying, That sounds like you went through some terrible times.You cannot make others feel better, valued or heard simply by saying sorry.Do Not Apologize for Bothering PeopleThe word sorry is most commonly used during the office conversations, meetings, and gatherings.Frankly speaking, what is the point of saying sorry when you want to ask a question, interrupt a speaker or seek an opinion from someone.Instead, do nothing and simply say what you have to say when the speaker has taken a pause.Similarly, you can say, Is this a good time to talk? when you knock at your bosss door. You have to do your job, no matter what it takes.Therefore, do not undermine yourself by saying sorry when you have to ask a question or give an opinion that assists you in better performing your d uties.Respond Confidently to a Perceived MistakeThere are times when you have to say sorry, especially in the workplace.But, it is better to save your apology for the situations which actually require one such as when you hurt someone emotionally or physically.The best course of action is to recognize how others perceive your failure and subsequently, respond to the situation with the highest degree of confidence.For example, if you fail to get desired results from a project you initiated, you can calm down the higher authorities by saying, Well, it did not go as planned.But, I have the situation under control. Give me more time to get the job done.Subsequently, use all the resources, passion and grit you can muster to actually get the job done.Offer a Practical PerspectivePeople unconsciously misuse the word sorry which further fuel the conflict.When you say, I am sorry, I disagree with what you are saying, you just surrender your power.Why should you be sorry when you disagree wit h others?Everyone has the right to give his own perspective.And, you should exercise this right without being apologetic.What others may feel should not be your concern.A better statement to give a truly practical perspective is, We can take this from many different angles.Similarly, statements like, I am sorry to tell this to you and I am sorry, you are wrong can become I am going to break news you may not like and You are wrong respectively.Show Self-Awareness and Commitment to TaskUttering the word sorry throughout the day at work also presents you as a person who lacks self-awareness.Consider an approach which is not only emotional, but intelligent as well to ascertain what kind of people have the tendency to apologize for small mistakes.Are they the problem solvers or the insecure ones.You definitely do not want to be the latter.What you need to do is to totally change your approach and express the self-awareness if you do make an error.Replace, Oh, I am so sorry with thank you very much for pointing out my mistake. Is there anything else worth knowing.You must not focus on your own needs, but what you have to do to bring the desired outcome.Express highest level of self-restrained and self-awareness instead of seemingly cutting a sorry figure.OkayHow often do you say sorry in response of someones request?Probably on almost every occasion.Take the example of an official presentation for the sake of explanation.When you are giving a presentation, someone will definitely ask you to go back to a previous slide on PowerPoint.There is no apology in order because you have done nothing wrong here.He is simply requesting you to explain a point you have already discussed because he could not understand it the first time.Say Okay or just explain the slide once again and that is it.WhoopsThe nicest way to apologize if anything goes wrong is saying whoops or using similar gestures.It is also a common word, but it suppresses your urge to give a full-fledged apology fo r even smallest of mistakes.You will not lose your job by committing small, negligible mistakes and therefore, you need not to apologize for all of them, to say the least.Whoops lets others know that you are remorseful without using the infamous word. I am TiredWe are most likely to make a mistake when we are tired. And you get tired quite often, especially if you are working in a fast-paced dynamic workplace.Practice self-care and take a lot of sleep to avoid fatigue related incidents.Similarly, always try to be at your best self at the office.This will help you decrease the number of thoughtless remarks you make and errors for which you have to apologize later on.Remain SilentI am sorry has become the most common and somewhat a cliché sentence in offices around the globe.Sometimes, you unconsciously say sorry to desks, lamps, and lockers when you accidentally bump into them.Saying I am sorry to a nonliving thing is the biggest indicator that you are a chronic over-apologizer. Try to hold your words the next time you bump into something.It is a wonderful way to practice self-restraint which can greatly help you avoid asking for vacuous apologies from the real human beings.Most people mechanically apologize because they have no idea what else to say.Therefore, it is better to remain silent in such situations and think about how you want to respond or the words you want to use.This technique is applicable to many situations such as when you are comforting a colleague who has just received his termination letter.These are hard times for him and he does not need an apology from someone who has no part to play in his turmoils.On the other hand, sit silently for a moment and then come up with words or a piece of advice which can offer him real support and comfort.Say I am SorrySometimes, only an apology can save the day for you such as when you have messed up a large project or offended your boss.However, you should not compromise your dignity in any case.Try to m aintain the balance between your self-consciousness and self-awareness when contemplating about how to apologize.Do not take your apology as a precautionary measure, designed only to please certain people.Choose heartfelt and warm words which truly indicate how sorry you are.CONCLUSIONThere is no reason to show remorse all of the time.However, this is what most of us do either intentionally or unintentionally.Similarly, I am sorry is not the statement you should use if you simply want some time off others person busy schedule or want to communicate your gratitude.Replace the cliché sorry with Thank you and you are good to go.This simple change is more aligned with the message you try to convey most of the time. It is much stronger and more effective as well.As mentioned above, most mistakes or errors at work do not require any apology at all.You actually become a laughing stock, for others to enjoy if you have the tendency to over-apologize.Therefore, figuring out when you should u se other words, or what is the appropriate time to say sorry in the office is the way to go.

Nuclear Energy Nuclear Power - 1251 Words

What is Nuclear Power? Nuclear power uses nuclear fission to release nuclear energy which creates heat that can then be used in nuclear power stations to provide electricity. In nuclear fission, the nucleus splits apart generating large amounts of energy. Nuclear fusion is also an excellent energy source because it produces no greenhouse gases or combustion products which are not radioactive. The drawback is that it takes too much energy so we are sticking to nuclear fission. Nuclear power a controversial issue because of accidents in previous years and the amount it costs to build advanced reactors. These accidents still have lasting effects that we as a country are working to fix. However I believe the most promising form of energy is nuclear power. Between nuclear power and fossil fuels, nuclear power is the safest, most environmentally friendly and will meet our country s energy demands in the future. The arguments I will be addressing in this essay are the environment, safety, e conomics and energetics. The form of energy that will meet our country’s energy demands in the future is nuclear energy because our supply of fossil fuels will run out before the supply of nuclear energy. People are concerned about the renewability of fossil fuels because it is to be believed that by 2088 we will run out of fossil fuels (The End of Fossil Fuels). We currently have uranium reserves to last up to 100 years. Nuclear power and fossil fuels are a nonrenewable source of energy whichShow MoreRelatedNuclear Power And Nuclear Energy Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nuclear power is used to some degree to provide electricity to many countries, and it is also playing a significant role as a main fuel resource for marine propulsion for ships. For many countries, nuclear energy is their primary energy source, such as France. However, nuclear energy has its benefits and drawbacks. The nuclear energy power plants need less raw materials than the other energy power plants, such as coal power plants. But if there is an accident, large amount of radioactiveRead MoreNuclear Energy And Nuclear Power Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesNuclear Energy For many Americans, the electric bill is the most dreaded bill to arrive each month; it is always expensive, yet it doesn’t have to be. To lower electricity costs for citizens and businesses, the Unites States could increase its use of nuclear power. Nuclear energy is created when an unstable radioactive element decays and emits nanoparticles called radiation. With today’s current technology, the emission of these atoms as well as the energy released can be controlled and used inRead MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Energy1341 Words   |  6 Pageswhen nuclear energy is produced without incident, the science itself creates vast quantities of toxic waste, which is impossible to discard† (Dupea, n. pag.). Because of the fact that there is no way to safely dispose of nuclear energy and waste, many issues have arose. There are many more safe and more reliable sources and ways to produce energy that involves less risks. Countries need to eliminate the use of nuclear ene rgy due to the problems it causes. Some of the largest issues with nuclear energyRead MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Energy1491 Words   |  6 Pagesnatural resources. Nuclear energy is one of the most important alternative resources that the world can be used for. However, when the term â€Å"nuclear power† gets used usually the first thing that comes to mind for most people is about the bomb, war, negative effects and many more. However, almost all the nuclear energy we use today comes in the form of electricity, which is not dangerous. People are frightened and concerned about the nuclear power, because they believe that the nuclear power has many negativeRead MoreNuclear Energy : Nuclear Power1260 Words   |  6 Pagestemperatures increasing and climate change controversies arising, the world seeks a clean, reliable energy source; could nuclear energy be the answer? Due to massive amounts of carbon dioxide emitted into the air by our main energy provider, the coal power plant, society is yearning for a cleaner form of energy. Nuclear power plants release minimal amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Nuclear energy, in the public eye, has a bad reputation because of accidents that have occurred in recent historyRead MoreNuclear Energy And Nuclear Power1705 Words   |  7 PagesNew energy sources are invested in every year to produce heat and electricity for the citizens of the United States. However, nuclear power is becoming a much more urgent discussion topic. Nuclear power, or the use of nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity, contributes to nearly 20% of the electricity generated and used in America. According to the Department of Energy, the United States has invested 60 years of their time into nuclear power! But why have we done so? Well, the productionRead MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Energy1637 Words   |  7 Pages While some say nuclear power is risky, the facts prove otherwise. Nuclear energy is often treated as a taboo subject due to misconceptions throughout history by the public, but in actuality, nuclear energy is relatively safe, when practiced correctly. Nuclear energy is a process in which atoms are split, producing heat, which boils water. The steam then turns a turbine to produce electricity. While fission is involved in nuclear bombs, the process in each are both different. The ‘fuel’ used forRead MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Energy Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagessources of energy are discussed, the focus is usually centered around energy productions like solar and wind. But an important source of energy is often overlooked, nuclear energy. The viability of nuclear power plants has been a topic of debate since their inception, with many both for and against it. Many countries are broadly opposed to nuclear energy with poor public opinion resulting in the decommissioni ng of nuclear power plants in their country. With the potential dangers of nuclear energy and theRead MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Energy1323 Words   |  6 Pagesever increasing population, [energy demand, and the need for alternative resources continues to increase.] Nuclear energy comes up as a strong contender by being clean, sustainable, and more consistent moreover than others in the renewables category. Even though those in the energy industry argue that the use of nuclear plants provides a stable source of power in a clean and renewable matter, in areas where other resources are available, the potential threat of nuclear meltdowns outweigh the positiveRead MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Energy1016 Words   |  5 Pages Nuclear energy is not the most talked about debate, but one of the most important because of the impact it has on the future of the earth. It has grown to be one of the leading sources of energy in Europe. The U.S. does not use nuclear energy as much, but are looking to add ore nuclear power plants. The way nuclear energy is formed is through a long process that starts by splitting an atom. The first people to do so were the German scientists, Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn. After their study along

Civil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau and Letter From...

The essays, Civil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau, and Letter from a Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King, Jr., incorporate the authors’ opinions of justice. Each author efficiently shows their main point; Thoreau deals with justice as it relates to government, he asks for,†not at one no government, but at once a better government.†(Paragraph 3). King believed,† injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. (Paragraph 4). Each essay shows a valid argument for justice, but Kings philosophy is more effective, because it has more logical points of views. King’s letter from a Birmingham Jail was an act of his encouragement for protest against the white’s traditions in which were unjust. King, a leader of civil rights†¦show more content†¦King uses many similes in the paragraph, but when hes analyzing the justice too long delayed is justice denied. King uses phrases such as Asia and Africa are moving with jet-like speed and we still creep at horse-and-buggy like pace. He uses symbolism when saying the cup of endurance runs over, and plunged into the abyss of despair. By this King is trying to emphasize that there is a point when the black people collectively will no longer conform to being mistreated unequally, and no matter how much endurance they might have a revolt. King felt protesting against the unjust laws and traditional beliefs of the white was the only solution for them to change. The letter was written to his fellow clergymen to explain his actions and to attempt to justify them. In the letter he tried to explain to the Clergymen, his actions were for the justice even knowing it was illegal, but he knew he was he would been have been punished. All of the arguments King puts in his work have the ability to appeal to everyone in some way, the style and the way he shifts his tone and rhetoric many times throughout the text in which to recognize a specific audience, is what makes this document so powerful. Since so many of Martin Luther King Jr’s arguments are based on emotionShow MoreRelated Henry Thoreau’s Influence on Martin Luther King Jr. Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesHenry Thoreau’s Influence on Martin Luther King Jr. Henry David Thoreau was a great American writer, philosopher, and naturalist of the 1800’s who’s writings have influenced many famous leaders in the 20th century, as well as in his own lifetime. Henry David Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts in 1817, where he was later educated at Harvard University. Thoreau was a transcendentalist writer, which means that he believed that intuition and the individual conscience â€Å"transcend† experienceRead MoreCivil Disobedience and Birmingham Campaign993 Words   |  4 PagesCivil Disobedience and Birmingham Campaign Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther king Jr. fundamentally altered the American tradition of protest and reform. Both of them shared the same idea, but viewed them differently. Dr. King wanted to ultimately raise awareness and open doors for groups while Thoreau wanted more individual rights for people. The Birmingham campaign was a movement organized by King Martin Luther in the spring of 1963 to bring attention to the integration efforts of AfricanRead MoreMartin Luther King And Gandhi910 Words   |  4 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. had illustrated civil disobedient to the world during a challenging time, by quoting inspirational words from Gandhi and Thoreau. Gandhi had also quoted Thoreau throughout his stimulating time. Before Martin Luther King and Gandhi, Thoreau exemplified civil disobedience in the 1800’s. The purpose of Thoreau’s civil disobedience was to make a different world. King and Gandhi had the same purpose. That is one of the main reasons why they connected to Thoreau’s essay. BornRead MoreDevelopment of Transcendentalism901 Words   |  4 Pageswhile philosophies of civil dispute and nonviolence may seem like a well-accepted idea today, many who fought for this type of negotiation were often considered radical for their introduction of it to society. Among those transcendentalists was Henry David Thoreau, who wrote â€Å"Civil Disobedience†, Mohandas Gandhi, who wrote â€Å"Satyagraha†, and Martin Luther King Jr., who wrote â€Å"Letters from Birmingham Jail†. Henry David Thoreau used the theory of transcendentalism in â€Å"Civil Disobedience.† These three transcendentalistsRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesThe essays by Martin Luther King Jr., â€Å"Letters From Birmingham Jail† and Henry David Thoreau, â€Å"Civil Disobedience† show how one can be a civil person and protest against unfair, unjust laws forced upon them. Both authors are very persuasive in t heir letter writings. Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. write about the injustice of government laws, of right and wrong, and one’s moral and upstanding conscience of a human being. Martin Luther King Jr. is a religious, peaceful man who usesRead MoreCivil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau1260 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Disobedience was written by Henry David Thoreau. The Letter From A Birmingham Jail was written by Martin Luther King Jr. They both had similarities and differences. There were injustices that were done wrong to each of them by others in the society in which they both lived. The injustices and civil disobedience they incurred should never happen to anyone. Henry David Thoreau spoke in an emotional tone in his essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience.† The emotional part of his essay of Civil DisobedienceRead MoreComparisons On The Advocacies Of Henry Thoreau vs Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.941 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a higher law than civil law- the law of conscience- and that when these laws are in conflict, it is a citizens duty to obey the voice of God within rather than that of the civil authority without, (Harding 207). As Harding described in his brief explanation of Henry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience, there are some instances in which it is necessary to disobey a social law. 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In his letter from Birmingham jail, Martin Luther King Jr., a civil right activist a Baptist Minister and the creator of â€Å"In Letter from Birmingham jail.† King uses concepts of logos, pathos, and ethos to convey his points. Racial tension was high during Martin Luther King’s time, and he was the voice of the black community. He articulated his words carefully and had use methods of civil disobedience to convey his point. One of the first appeals he makes in his letter is from a log os perspectiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Henry David Thoreau s Letter From Birmingham Jail951 Words   |  4 Pagesconfrontations and have practiced freedom of speech rights for justice. In the two articles, â€Å"Civil Disobedience† by Henry David Thoreau, and â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† by Martin Luther King, Jr.; both speakers focused on challenging social and political complications for the better of the future, country, and the government. â€Å"Civil Disobedience† by Thoreau, Henry David follows the author detaching himself from the government due to it favoring the majority based on the powers the certain group possesses

The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives Free Essays

string(120) " This is the primary responsibility of finance executives as they are able to understand financial statements the best\." For most parts of history, government financial executives have been taken as scorekeepers, and made responsible for collecting, processing and reporting the financial information that used by elected officials and senior managers who use them in making their decisions. The question is whether their role has now changed with the present importance of information technology. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) Now there is increasing evidence of the importance that information technology is getting in public administration and this is resulting in more and more insistence from the public that government financial executives have a greater say in all decision making activities of the government. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives or any similar topic only for you Order Now The finance executives are now the individuals to lead the charge for getting an entrepreneurial type of government and have it judged based on its performance. For most of the finance executives now, the changes are leading to redesigning of entire processes related to finance, introducing best practices for financial management, improving and integrating financial management with other information management and in certain cases even shifting the responsibility of all financial operations to outsiders. The trend is now to change finance functions in a manner that control functions for financial expenditures are built into non-financial processes so that the non-financial manager also has to take up responsibility for the activities. From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) This provides a lot more freedom to the finance experts to use their expertise for the purpose of finance. The attempt here is not to demean the traditional duties of government financial executives, as it is always important to comply with accounting and financial reporting that is required, make correct cash reconciliation and process all financial transactions in time. Yet, these activities were generally thought to be only the regular duties of the finance executives. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) There are also finance officers at different levels and the state or provincial level executives who are the link to the local finance officers from the top. They meet rarely – generally once a year during annual conferences of some type or the other. The importance of these executives is in the fact that they represent their association at official ceremonies. (State and provincial representatives (Profiling GFOA)) The importance of financial officers is being increasingly recognized and in the preface to the GAAFR 2005, which is the set of guidelines to be followed. There are the summarization and specific revisions as also updates of the text of the 2001 edition: there is addition of all the amendments that were earlier included in the GAAFR Update supplement; there has been addition of new material which are connected to the GASB statements from 39 through 45; there has been addition of new material based on the guidance that had been given in the comprehensive implementation guide as given in the GASB 2004; that included a guidance that was given for the first time in relation to GASB statement 40; there was addition of a new section related directly to all school district issues; there was reworking of a significant number of chapters; the set of references to original material was increased to a large extent so that research on the subject could become easier; an expanded and revised glossary and a redesigned index. (Making the most of the New Blue Book) Thus the importance of the finance executives in operation of the government is certain ly realized and steps are being taken to help them in operation of their functions. This is because of the present importance of the functions of the finance executives which helps the government in various ways like helping operation managers develop the financial parts of business cases and proposals for new or expanded services; leading efforts to reposition and increase the funding sources which have not been appropriated like fees, rents, royalties and franchises; provide guidance for financing new and original ventures like setting up of revolving funds, getting into public and private partnerships, or even setting up of fee for service arrangements; help performance based management; to activate a level playing field for the competition between government and the private sector. From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) Sometimes the finance executives are placed in situations beyond their capability and these results in many problems. One of the instances when this sort of event occurs is in situations when the elected person leaves it to the finance person to manage the affairs in even the small cities. Even they have become multi-million dollar enterprises today. The elected person may have been a merchant, homemaker, lawyer, community activist or anything else, but in general they have little understanding of public finance. This makes them rely on the administrators or auditors that they have in their organization. This is what happened in Orange County, California and the faulty investment strategy of the treasurer led to losses for the county of well over a billion dollars. The budget that is presented may be balanced, but that does not mean that the collection and disbursement of money is in proper order. (Guarding the Public Checkbook) In certain cases, for balancing the budget, easy methods are adopted; the money is drawn from reserves. This withdrawal can be done only once, yet the city of Miami followed this process for many years as the city had deficit operations and used bond collections to cover it up. The important matter is that the budget be balanced through the use of current revenues only. This can be understood by looking at the general fund balance sheet and the total requirement checked and the collected resources should exceed the requirements. Any management of a public corporation should be adding to the funds and not decreasing the funds by drawing from it. (Guarding the Public Checkbook) This is the primary responsibility of finance executives as they are able to understand financial statements the best. You read "The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives" in category "Essay examples" Yet problems of this nature keep on happening and a Senator in United States was shocked to learn that District of Columbia had received an unqualified audit opinion though it had a deficit as high as $700 million. The reply from the audit firm was that the financial statements were presented properly and â€Å"in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles†. Guarding the Public Checkbook) Thus the matter should have been determined by the accounting executives and brought to the notice of the people as it is their funds that are not in order. The job of the leadership is to decide where the body has to be taken, and the finance executives have to determine what is happening to the revenue base, what are the major problems for the body, what are the implications of the changes that have been made, and so on. When the issue of Orange County bankruptcy hit the headlines, the final truth was revealed that both the chief administrator and the treasurer did not know much about finance. This should have been mentioned by them and the decisions left to better qualified individuals. These sorts of problems come up when the recruitment and hiring processes are not correct. Otherwise someone should have realized that it all right to hire individuals who are not financial experts, but every organization must have at least one individual with that capacity. It is clear that elementary oversight must be practiced. In the case of Orange County, supervisor Bill Steiner clearly admitted that he did not know what questions he should have asked, and this finally made him an accomplice in the whole unfortunate affair. It is important that individuals in charge of recruitment develop the knowledge of asking relevant financial questions. Even when the problem was noted, another mess was nearly started when the county thought of using a sales tax increase as their method of getting out of the situation. The county had fallen into a position where it had to decide on privatization, program reduction, asset sales, etc. the county was trying to take a simple way out. It is clear today that the increase in tax was neither intelligent nor needed. The best advice for the county was to file for financial bankruptcy and this was provided by the Board of Supervisor, Thomas Reilly. (Guarding the Public Checkbook) It is clear that finance executives have an important role and they must live up to the expectations of the people who they are serving. However, like all other government officials, even accounting personnel have to provide leadership and one such case was in the disaster recovery effort after the Hurricane Ivan had struck northern Florida. They were a team of six high level managers who are normally accustomed to working in nice offices in a large organization. They had to toil from dawn to dusk in very high temperatures with steamy weather and there was no electricity. There was no fresh water and not a place for them to take a break. They had to do a lot of physical labor and adequate tools were not available. The food was just peanut butter, cheese from a tube, apples, and candy bars – and this was the same food for all three meals. Sleep was in the back of a cramped vehicle and that had no air-conditioning, and go through the same schedule for a few days. Yet in spite of all the difficulties the team were focused on there jobs, with cooperation and high enthusiasm. Yet the reasons why they had come were not due to government duty, but with the purpose of helping a colleague whose home had been badly damaged. (Unlocking the potential of Your Employees) The main story about all this is that the secret of making people work with a will is treating them like trusted and valued adults. They can work the best when there are clear goals and expectations with autonomy, feedback and appreciation. At the same time, it is essential that the leaders also show a certain amount of enthusiasm and human touch. The leaders have to continue working with the same energy and dedication while relinquishing some amount of control and authority. The attitude of the leaders to others must be one of empathy, or fellow feeling. On top of everything, no leader should feel that the leader knows best about all matters, and be ready to apologize when they make mistakes. These are certain behavioral techniques that help in getting the best help from employees. (Unlocking the potential of Your Employees) This appreciation of leadership role is useful to the chief financial officers and finance directors who are no longer being viewed as only scorekeepers but as trusted business advisors and partners. In the private sector, this change has been going on for quite some time, but it has started only recently in the government. This also determines the role of the financial executives and they have to spend most of their time in determining the correct strategic and operating decisions and spend much less time in earlier operations which used to take up a lot of time – like account reconciliation, payment processing and historical financial reporting. This is all being done in the machine, and thus the shift of the emphasis of the finance executive’s direction is not requiring extra employment. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) As a matter of fact, the size of employees in the finance function will reduce. The change in the role of the finance executive is occurring in all organizations. Considering the development that has taken place over the last few years, it is important for financial executives to strike a balance between their roles as score keeper and adviser. What is meant by balance is that the regular work also has to be finished, and at the same time take up a more important role in organizational development. The results of this change in the government organizations can be seen through improved budgetary processes that are now beginning to link funds allocation to performance achieved, innovative methods to recover administrative costs, and increased use of technology to reduce the need for reconciliation and useless data entry. The help from technology is high in the areas of account reconciliation, payment processing and historical financial reporting. From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) One of the important measures of finance officers in local governments is now performance measures and that is driven by increasing demands from citizens for government accountability, increased interest from local legislators regarding performance related information so that better evaluation can be made of programs as also for resource allocation and the efforts from different organizations and professional associations to make governments targeted to results. The performance measures allow policy makers, managers and the general public find out the effectiveness of government services. The measurement of performance takes into account the resources used, the activities generated by the programs and the final results obtained from the programs and services. However quite a few of the performance measurement activities are limited to only measuring program inputs and outputs. (Performance Measurement) On the other side, correct methods of performance measurement should also talk about the program results. From the side of the government, the Governmental Accounting Standards Board or GASB has been concentrating on performance measurement from the early 1980s. As a result of this concentration, there was a series of research reports called â€Å"Service Efforts and Accomplishments reporting† that was issued for the help of governments in measuring performance. This was followed up in 1994 with the second statement on the same lines. This stated that â€Å"service efforts and accomplishments information – including both financial and non-financial performance measures – is an essential aspect of the measurement of governmental performance and is necessary for assessing accountability and making informed decisions†. (Performance Measurement) It is important for government finance executives to tell the truth and not hide it for presentation purposes. An example is in the case of Oregon where the proportions of adult Oregonians who are smokers are only 20. 7 percent when in the rest of the country the same ratio is 23. 2 percent. Yet, they were not felt to be enough in Oregon as the state had fixed a target of 15 percent to be achieved by 2000 and this was fixed in the year 1989 by the benchmarks program in the state. While fixing the target, the committee was anything but realistic as this sort of non-smoking does not exist in United States. This is a matter that should have been properly discussed at the time of setting up the targets. The targets were set in all areas with direct goals to be reached – in health, education, economic development, environmental policy and so on. (The Problem with promises) The decision was taken that the state government would try to reach these targets within ten years. The decisions for allocation of funds and other matters were then to be made according to the achievements of targets. In one of these instances, the state wanted to reduce the use of drugs among students of the eighth standard to 3 percent from the original figure of 14 percent. Some time later it was realized that the target would not be reached, and then the solution sought for the problem was to change the target to 15 percent from 3 percent. At the end of the period, the proportion of users was 14 percent – the same as at the start of the plan – but it was viewed that the target has been reached. (The Problem with promises) These types of efforts by the accounts officers are just efforts to hide the truth and do not help any part of society. The importance of being truthful has been realized by the National Performance Review and they have stated that â€Å"effective entrepreneurial governments insist on customer satisfaction. They listen carefully to their customers – using surveys and focus groups – and restructure their basic operations to meet customer needs. They use market dynamics such as competition and customer choice to create incentives that drive their employees to put the customer first†. (Linking Quality to Business Planning and Performance Goals in Local Government) The importance of government finance officers are best utilized when they end up providing the truth to the public. How to cite The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives, Essay examples

The Watergate Scandal and Richard M. Nixon free essay sample

Later I will discuss events surrounding the discovery of the tapes and the Issues Involved In trying to get tapes? And What the 18 1/1 minutes of silence was all about and also a personality and their involvement and I chose John Dean. On August 9, 1974 Richard M. Nixon was still the President of the United States. He was the first and only President who resigned office he turned in his A security guard by the name of Frank Willis alerted that there was a burglary of the Democratic Party National Committee on June 17, 1972.The irruption and scandal lead in Washington has taken a toll on the Senate, Vice- President and all parts of the Parties. The may not have never erupted. The investigation was heavily influenced by the media were by two reporters from the Washington post who really poured it on thick to make President Nixon look so guilty that it almost ruin him mentally as well as physically. We will write a custom essay sample on The Watergate Scandal and Richard M. Nixon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nixon was so frustrated with this that he had no other choice but to give up his right as the President.The one who took his place and that was the Vice-President and it was Gerald Ford, he redone Nixon and became the 38th President of the United States when Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974. He was the first Vice-President and President to ascend to both positions without being elected. John Dean literately accused Nixon of being part of the break in and he also testified that Nixon was guilty and wanted him to be impeached about the Watergate and then he also implicated many administrative officials including himself was in connection. Later John Dean was charged with obstruction of injustice and spent four months in prison. , truly feel that Nixon should have not been impeached.